False Friends in Slavic Languages
Kashubian ‘grôd’
The database knows following meanings of the Kashubian word ‘grôd’:
- hail
Semasiological map for ‘*gorodъ < *gordъ’
The database has information related to this term for Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Kashubian, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian and Ukrainian.
Kashubian ‘grôd’:
- is a complete false friend in Czech, Lower Sorbian, Polish, Slovak, Slovenian and Upper Sorbian.
- is a true friend in Ukrainian.
- has additional meanings in Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Russian and Serbian.
- The Kashubian meaning ‘hail’ is shared by Belarusian горад, Belarusian град, Bosnian grad, Bulgarian град, Croatian grad, Polish grad, Russian град, Serbian град, Lower Sorbian grad and Ukrainian град.
- The meaning ‘fortress’ (not present in Kashubian ‘grôd’) is attested in Czech hrad, Polish gród, Slovak hrad, Slovenian grad, Lower Sorbian grod and Upper Sorbian hród.
- The meaning ‘town’ (not present in Kashubian ‘grôd’) is attested in Belarusian горад, Belarusian град, Bosnian grad, Bulgarian град, Croatian grad, Kashubian gard, Polish gród, Russian град, Russian город and Serbian град.
- The meaning ‘castle’ (not present in Kashubian ‘grôd’) is attested in Slovenian grad.
- The meaning ‘degree’ (not present in Kashubian ‘grôd’) is attested in Lower Sorbian grad.
NB: No information yet for Macedonian.
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Kashubian grôd See also: gard |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
| Belarusian град (Syn.: горад) |
Meaning:
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Kashubian grôd See also: gard |
Meaning in Bosnian:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
| Bosnian grad |
Meaning:
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Kashubian grôd See also: gard |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
| Bulgarian град |
Meaning:
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Kashubian grôd See also: gard |
Meaning in Croatian:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
| Croatian grad |
Meaning:
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Kashubian grôd See also: gard |
Meaning in Czech:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
| Czech hrad |
Meaning:
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Kashubian grôd See also: gard |
Meaning in Polish:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
| Polish I. grad |
Meaning:
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| II. gród |
Meaning:
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Kashubian grôd See also: gard |
Meaning in Russian:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
| Russian I. град |
Meaning:
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| II. город |
Meaning:
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Kashubian grôd See also: gard |
Meaning in Serbian:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
| Serbian град |
Meaning:
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Kashubian grôd See also: gard |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
| Slovak hrad |
Meaning:
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Kashubian grôd See also: gard |
Meaning in Slovenian:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
| Slovenian grad |
Meaning:
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Kashubian grôd See also: gard |
Meaning:
|
Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
| Lower Sorbian I. grad |
Meaning:
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| II. grod |
Meaning:
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Kashubian grôd See also: gard |
Meaning:
|
Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
| Upper Sorbian hród |
Meaning:
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Kashubian grôd See also: gard |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
| Ukrainian град |
Meaning:
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Semasiological Map for *gorodъ < *gordъ
                                  
*gorodъ < *gordъ
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Meanings:  ‘fortress’
 ‘town’
 ‘hail’
 ‘castle’
 ‘degree’
 no such word
no information yet
|
View this map on Wikibooks [Discussion] Edit
| *gorodъ < *gordъ |
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| fortress | town | hail | castle | degree | |
| Russian град | + | + | |||
| Russian город | + | ||||
| Ukrainian град | + | ||||
| Belarusian град | + | + | |||
| Polish grad | + | ||||
| Polish gród | + | + | |||
| Kashubian gard | + | ||||
| Kashubian grôd | + | ||||
| Lower Sorbian grad | + | + | |||
| Lower Sorbian grod | + | ||||
| Upper Sorbian hród | + | ||||
| Czech hrad | + | ||||
| Slovak hrad | + | ||||
| Slovenian grad | + | + | |||
| Croatian grad | + | + | |||
| Bosnian grad | + | + | |||
| Serbian град | + | + | |||
| Bulgarian град | + | + | |||
| Meanings | fortress | town | hail | castle | degree |