False Friends in Slavic Languages
Slovak ‘hrad’
The database knows following meanings of the Slovak word ‘hrad’:
- fortress
Semasiological map for ‘*gorodъ < *gordъ’
The database has information related to this term for Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Kashubian, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Slovenian, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian and Ukrainian.
Slovak ‘hrad’:
- is a complete false friend in Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Kashubian, Russian, Serbian and Ukrainian.
- is a true friend in Czech, Lower Sorbian and Upper Sorbian.
- has additional meanings in Polish and Slovenian.
- The Slovak meaning ‘fortress’ is shared by Czech hrad, Polish gród, Slovenian grad, Lower Sorbian grod and Upper Sorbian hród.
- The meaning ‘town’ (not present in Slovak ‘hrad’) is attested in Belarusian горад, Belarusian град, Bosnian grad, Bulgarian град, Croatian grad, Kashubian gard, Polish gród, Russian град, Russian город and Serbian град.
- The meaning ‘hail’ (not present in Slovak ‘hrad’) is attested in Belarusian горад, Belarusian град, Bosnian grad, Bulgarian град, Croatian grad, Kashubian grôd, Polish grad, Russian град, Serbian град, Lower Sorbian grad and Ukrainian град.
- The meaning ‘castle’ (not present in Slovak ‘hrad’) is attested in Slovenian grad.
- The meaning ‘degree’ (not present in Slovak ‘hrad’) is attested in Lower Sorbian grad.
NB: No information yet for Macedonian.
Slovak hrad |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Belarusian град (Syn.: горад) |
Meaning:
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Slovak hrad |
Meaning in Bosnian:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Bosnian grad |
Meaning:
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Slovak hrad |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Bulgarian град |
Meaning:
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Slovak hrad |
Meaning in Croatian:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Croatian grad |
Meaning:
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Slovak hrad |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Czech hrad |
Meaning:
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Slovak hrad |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Kashubian I. gard |
Meaning:
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II. grôd |
Meaning:
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Slovak hrad |
Meaning in Polish:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Polish I. grad |
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II. gród |
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Slovak hrad |
Meaning in Russian:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Russian I. град |
Meaning:
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II. город |
Meaning:
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Slovak hrad |
Meaning in Serbian:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Serbian град |
Meaning:
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Slovak hrad |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Slovenian grad |
Meaning:
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Slovak hrad |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Lower Sorbian I. grad |
Meaning:
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II. grod |
Meaning:
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Slovak hrad |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Upper Sorbian hród |
Meaning:
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Slovak hrad |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Ukrainian град |
Meaning:
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Semasiological Map for *gorodъ < *gordъ
*gorodъ < *gordъ
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Meanings:
‘fortress’
‘town’
‘hail’
‘castle’
‘degree’
no such word
no information yet
|
View this map on Wikibooks [Discussion] Edit
*gorodъ < *gordъ |
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fortress | town | hail | castle | degree | |
Russian град | + | + | |||
Russian город | + | ||||
Ukrainian град | + | ||||
Belarusian град | + | + | |||
Polish grad | + | ||||
Polish gród | + | + | |||
Kashubian gard | + | ||||
Kashubian grôd | + | ||||
Lower Sorbian grad | + | + | |||
Lower Sorbian grod | + | ||||
Upper Sorbian hród | + | ||||
Czech hrad | + | ||||
Slovak hrad | + | ||||
Slovenian grad | + | + | |||
Croatian grad | + | + | |||
Bosnian grad | + | + | |||
Serbian град | + | + | |||
Bulgarian град | + | + | |||
Meanings | fortress | town | hail | castle | degree |
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