False Friends in Slavic Languages
Macedonian ‘кал’
The database knows following meanings of the Macedonian word ‘кал’:
- dirt, mud
Semasiological map for ‘*kalъ’
The database has information related to this term for Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Kashubian, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian and Ukrainian.
Macedonian ‘кал’:
- is a complete false friend in Belarusian, Czech, Lower Sorbian, Polish, Russian, Slovak, Ukrainian and Upper Sorbian.
- is a true friend in Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Kashubian and Serbian.
- does not have any formally similar counterparts in Slovenian.
- The Macedonian meaning ‘dirt, mud’ is shared by Bosnian kal, Bulgarian кал, Croatian kal, Kashubian kôł and Serbian кал.
- The meaning ‘cabbage’ (not present in Macedonian ‘кал’) is attested in Lower Sorbian kał and Upper Sorbian kał.
- The meaning ‘sludge’ (not present in Macedonian ‘кал’) is attested in Czech kal and Slovak kal.
- The meaning ‘faeces, excrement’ (not present in Macedonian ‘кал’) is attested in Belarusian кал, Polish kał, Russian кал and Ukrainian кал.
- The meaning ‘shit’ (not present in Macedonian ‘кал’) is attested in Polish kał.
- The meaning ‘crap, nonsense’ (not present in Macedonian ‘кал’) is attested in Lower Sorbian kał and Upper Sorbian kał.
Macedonian кал |
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Belarusian кал |
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Macedonian кал |
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Bosnian kal |
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Macedonian кал |
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Bulgarian кал |
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Macedonian кал |
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Croatian kal |
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Macedonian кал |
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Czech kal |
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Macedonian кал |
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Kashubian kôł |
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Macedonian кал |
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Polish kał |
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Macedonian кал |
Meaning in Russian:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Russian кал |
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Macedonian кал |
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Serbian кал |
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Macedonian кал |
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Slovak kal |
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Macedonian кал |
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Slovenian ∅ - no corresponding term. |
Macedonian кал |
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Lower Sorbian kał |
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Macedonian кал |
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Upper Sorbian kał |
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Macedonian кал |
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Ukrainian кал |
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Semasiological Map for *kalъ
*kalъ
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Meanings:
‘cabbage’
‘dirt, mud’
‘sludge’
‘faeces, excrement’
‘shit’
‘crap, nonsense’
no such word
no information yet
|
View this map on Wikibooks [Discussion] Edit
*kalъ |
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cabbage | dirt, mud | sludge | faeces, excrement | shit | crap, nonsense | |
Russian кал | + | |||||
Ukrainian кал | + | |||||
Belarusian кал | + | |||||
Polish kał | + | + | ||||
Kashubian kôł | + | |||||
Lower Sorbian kał | + | + | ||||
Upper Sorbian kał | + | + | ||||
Czech kal | + | |||||
Slovak kal | + | |||||
Slovenian ∅ | ||||||
Croatian kal | + | |||||
Bosnian kal | + | |||||
Serbian кал | + | |||||
Macedonian кал | + | |||||
Bulgarian кал | + | |||||
Meanings | cabbage | dirt, mud | sludge | faeces, excrement | shit | crap, nonsense |