False Friends in Slavic Languages
Lower Sorbian ‘kał’
The database knows following meanings of the Lower Sorbian word ‘kał’:
- cabbage
- crap, nonsense
Semasiological map for ‘*kalъ’
The database has information related to this term for Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Kashubian, Macedonian, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Upper Sorbian and Ukrainian.
Lower Sorbian ‘kał’:
- is a complete false friend in Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Kashubian, Macedonian, Polish, Russian, Slovak, Serbian and Ukrainian.
- is a true friend in Upper Sorbian.
- does not have any formally similar counterparts in Slovenian.
- The Lower Sorbian meaning ‘cabbage’ is shared by Upper Sorbian kał.
- The Lower Sorbian meaning ‘crap, nonsense’ is shared by Upper Sorbian kał.
- The meaning ‘dirt, mud’ (not present in Lower Sorbian ‘kał’) is attested in Bosnian kal, Bulgarian кал, Croatian kal, Kashubian kôł, Macedonian кал and Serbian кал.
- The meaning ‘sludge’ (not present in Lower Sorbian ‘kał’) is attested in Czech kal and Slovak kal.
- The meaning ‘faeces, excrement’ (not present in Lower Sorbian ‘kał’) is attested in Belarusian кал, Polish kał, Russian кал and Ukrainian кал.
- The meaning ‘shit’ (not present in Lower Sorbian ‘kał’, translated as ‘gowno’) is attested in Polish kał.
Lower Sorbian kał |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Belarusian кал |
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Lower Sorbian kał |
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Bosnian kal |
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Lower Sorbian kał |
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Bulgarian кал |
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Lower Sorbian kał |
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Croatian kal |
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Lower Sorbian kał |
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Czech kal |
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Lower Sorbian kał |
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Kashubian kôł |
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Lower Sorbian kał |
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Macedonian кал |
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Lower Sorbian kał |
Meaning in Polish:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Polish kał |
Meaning in Lower Sorbian:
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Lower Sorbian kał |
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Russian кал |
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Lower Sorbian kał |
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Serbian кал |
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Lower Sorbian kał |
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Slovak kal |
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Lower Sorbian kał |
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Slovenian ∅ - no corresponding term. |
Lower Sorbian kał |
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Upper Sorbian kał |
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Lower Sorbian kał |
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Ukrainian кал |
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Semasiological Map for *kalъ
*kalъ
|
Meanings:
‘cabbage’
‘dirt, mud’
‘sludge’
‘faeces, excrement’
‘shit’
‘crap, nonsense’
no such word
no information yet
|
View this map on Wikibooks [Discussion] Edit
*kalъ |
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cabbage | dirt, mud | sludge | faeces, excrement | shit | crap, nonsense | |
Russian кал | + | |||||
Ukrainian кал | + | |||||
Belarusian кал | + | |||||
Polish kał | + | + | ||||
Kashubian kôł | + | |||||
Lower Sorbian kał | + | + | ||||
Upper Sorbian kał | + | + | ||||
Czech kal | + | |||||
Slovak kal | + | |||||
Slovenian ∅ | ||||||
Croatian kal | + | |||||
Bosnian kal | + | |||||
Serbian кал | + | |||||
Macedonian кал | + | |||||
Bulgarian кал | + | |||||
Meanings | cabbage | dirt, mud | sludge | faeces, excrement | shit | crap, nonsense |