False Friends in Slavic Languages
Ukrainian ‘кал’
The database knows following meanings of the Ukrainian word ‘кал’:
- faeces, excrement
Semasiological map for ‘*kalъ’
The database has information related to this term for Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Kashubian, Macedonian, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Lower Sorbian and Upper Sorbian.
Ukrainian ‘кал’:
- is a complete false friend in Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Kashubian, Lower Sorbian, Macedonian, Slovak, Serbian and Upper Sorbian.
- is a true friend in Belarusian and Russian.
- has additional meanings in Polish.
- does not have any formally similar counterparts in Slovenian.
- The Ukrainian meaning ‘faeces, excrement’ is shared by Belarusian кал, Polish kał and Russian кал.
- The meaning ‘cabbage’ (not present in Ukrainian ‘кал’) is attested in Lower Sorbian kał and Upper Sorbian kał.
- The meaning ‘dirt, mud’ (not present in Ukrainian ‘кал’) is attested in Bosnian kal, Bulgarian кал, Croatian kal, Kashubian kôł, Macedonian кал and Serbian кал.
- The meaning ‘sludge’ (not present in Ukrainian ‘кал’) is attested in Czech kal and Slovak kal.
- The meaning ‘shit’ (not present in Ukrainian ‘кал’) is attested in Polish kał.
- The meaning ‘crap, nonsense’ (not present in Ukrainian ‘кал’) is attested in Lower Sorbian kał and Upper Sorbian kał.
Ukrainian кал |
Meaning:
|
Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Belarusian кал |
Meaning:
|
Ukrainian кал |
Meaning in Bosnian:
|
Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Bosnian kal |
Meaning:
|
Ukrainian кал |
Meaning:
|
Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Bulgarian кал |
Meaning:
|
Ukrainian кал |
Meaning in Croatian:
|
Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Croatian kal |
Meaning:
|
Ukrainian кал |
Meaning:
|
Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Czech kal |
Meaning:
|
Ukrainian кал |
Meaning:
|
Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Kashubian kôł |
Meaning:
|
Ukrainian кал |
Meaning:
|
Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Macedonian кал |
Meaning:
|
Ukrainian кал |
Meaning:
|
Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Polish kał |
Meaning:
|
Ukrainian кал |
Meaning:
|
Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Russian кал |
Meaning:
|
Ukrainian кал |
Meaning in Serbian:
|
Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Serbian кал |
Meaning:
|
Ukrainian кал |
Meaning:
|
Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Slovak kal |
Meaning:
|
Ukrainian кал |
Meaning:
|
Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Slovenian ∅ - no corresponding term. |
Ukrainian кал |
Meaning:
|
Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Lower Sorbian kał |
Meaning:
|
Ukrainian кал |
Meaning:
|
Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Upper Sorbian kał |
Meaning:
|
Semasiological Map for *kalъ
*kalъ
|
Meanings:
‘cabbage’
‘dirt, mud’
‘sludge’
‘faeces, excrement’
‘shit’
‘crap, nonsense’
no such word
no information yet
|
View this map on Wikibooks [Discussion] Edit
*kalъ |
|
|||||
cabbage | dirt, mud | sludge | faeces, excrement | shit | crap, nonsense | |
Russian кал | + | |||||
Ukrainian кал | + | |||||
Belarusian кал | + | |||||
Polish kał | + | + | ||||
Kashubian kôł | + | |||||
Lower Sorbian kał | + | + | ||||
Upper Sorbian kał | + | + | ||||
Czech kal | + | |||||
Slovak kal | + | |||||
Slovenian ∅ | ||||||
Croatian kal | + | |||||
Bosnian kal | + | |||||
Serbian кал | + | |||||
Macedonian кал | + | |||||
Bulgarian кал | + | |||||
Meanings | cabbage | dirt, mud | sludge | faeces, excrement | shit | crap, nonsense |