False Friends in Slavic Languages
Lower Sorbian ‘grad’
The database knows following meanings of the Lower Sorbian word ‘grad’:
- hail
- degree
Semasiological map for ‘*gorodъ < *gordъ’
The database has information related to this term for Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Kashubian, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian and Ukrainian.
Lower Sorbian ‘grad’:
- is a complete false friend in Czech, Polish, Slovak, Slovenian and Upper Sorbian.
- does not have all its Lower Sorbian meanings in Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Kashubian, Russian, Serbian and Ukrainian.
- has additional meanings in Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Russian and Serbian.
- The Lower Sorbian meaning ‘hail’ is shared by Belarusian горад, Belarusian град, Bosnian grad, Bulgarian град, Croatian grad, Kashubian grôd, Polish grad, Russian град, Serbian град and Ukrainian град.
- The Lower Sorbian meaning ‘degree’ is unique.
- The meaning ‘fortress’ (not present in Lower Sorbian ‘grad’) is attested in Czech hrad, Polish gród, Slovak hrad, Slovenian grad, Lower Sorbian grod and Upper Sorbian hród.
- The meaning ‘town’ (not present in Lower Sorbian ‘grad’) is attested in Belarusian горад, Belarusian град, Bosnian grad, Bulgarian град, Croatian grad, Kashubian gard, Polish gród, Russian град, Russian город and Serbian град.
- The meaning ‘castle’ (not present in Lower Sorbian ‘grad’) is attested in Slovenian grad.
NB: No information yet for Macedonian.
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Lower Sorbian grad See also: grod |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
| Belarusian град (Syn.: горад) |
Meaning:
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Lower Sorbian grad See also: grod |
Meaning in Bosnian:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
| Bosnian grad |
Meaning:
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Lower Sorbian grad See also: grod |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
| Bulgarian град |
Meaning:
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Lower Sorbian grad See also: grod |
Meaning in Croatian:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
| Croatian grad |
Meaning:
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Lower Sorbian grad See also: grod |
Meaning in Czech:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
| Czech hrad |
Meaning:
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Lower Sorbian grad See also: grod |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
| Kashubian I. gard |
Meaning:
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| II. grôd |
Meaning:
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Lower Sorbian grad See also: grod |
Meaning in Polish:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
| Polish I. grad |
Meaning:
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| II. gród |
Meaning:
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Lower Sorbian grad See also: grod |
Meaning in Russian:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
| Russian I. град |
Meaning:
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| II. город |
Meaning:
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Lower Sorbian grad See also: grod |
Meaning in Serbian:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
| Serbian град |
Meaning:
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Lower Sorbian grad See also: grod |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
| Slovak hrad |
Meaning:
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Lower Sorbian grad See also: grod |
Meaning in Slovenian:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
| Slovenian grad |
Meaning:
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Lower Sorbian grad See also: grod |
Meaning:
|
Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
| Upper Sorbian hród |
Meaning:
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Lower Sorbian grad See also: grod |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
| Ukrainian град |
Meaning:
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Semasiological Map for *gorodъ < *gordъ
                                  
*gorodъ < *gordъ
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Meanings:  ‘fortress’
 ‘town’
 ‘hail’
 ‘castle’
 ‘degree’
 no such word
no information yet
|
View this map on Wikibooks [Discussion] Edit
| *gorodъ < *gordъ |
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||||
| fortress | town | hail | castle | degree | |
| Russian град | + | + | |||
| Russian город | + | ||||
| Ukrainian град | + | ||||
| Belarusian град | + | + | |||
| Polish grad | + | ||||
| Polish gród | + | + | |||
| Kashubian gard | + | ||||
| Kashubian grôd | + | ||||
| Lower Sorbian grad | + | + | |||
| Lower Sorbian grod | + | ||||
| Upper Sorbian hród | + | ||||
| Czech hrad | + | ||||
| Slovak hrad | + | ||||
| Slovenian grad | + | + | |||
| Croatian grad | + | + | |||
| Bosnian grad | + | + | |||
| Serbian град | + | + | |||
| Bulgarian град | + | + | |||
| Meanings | fortress | town | hail | castle | degree |
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