False Friends in Slavic Languages
Czech ‘hrad’
The database knows following meanings of the Czech word ‘hrad’:
- fortress
Semasiological map for ‘*gorodъ < *gordъ’
The database has information related to this term for Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Kashubian, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian and Ukrainian.
Czech ‘hrad’:
- is a complete false friend in Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Kashubian, Russian, Serbian and Ukrainian.
- is a true friend in Lower Sorbian, Slovak and Upper Sorbian.
- has additional meanings in Polish and Slovenian.
- The Czech meaning ‘fortress’ is shared by Polish gród, Slovak hrad, Slovenian grad, Lower Sorbian grod and Upper Sorbian hród.
- The meaning ‘town’ (not present in Czech ‘hrad’, translated as ‘město’) is attested in Belarusian горад, Belarusian град, Bosnian grad, Bulgarian град, Croatian grad, Kashubian gard, Polish gród, Russian град, Russian город and Serbian град.
- The meaning ‘hail’ (not present in Czech ‘hrad’, translated as ‘krupobití’) is attested in Belarusian горад, Belarusian град, Bosnian grad, Bulgarian град, Croatian grad, Kashubian grôd, Polish grad, Russian град, Serbian град, Lower Sorbian grad and Ukrainian град.
- The meaning ‘castle’ (not present in Czech ‘hrad’) is attested in Slovenian grad.
- The meaning ‘degree’ (not present in Czech ‘hrad’) is attested in Lower Sorbian grad.
NB: No information yet for Macedonian.
Czech hrad |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Belarusian град (Syn.: горад) |
Meaning in Czech:
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Czech hrad |
Meaning in Bosnian:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Bosnian grad |
Meaning in Czech:
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Czech hrad |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Bulgarian град |
Meaning in Czech:
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Czech hrad |
Meaning in Croatian:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Croatian grad |
Meaning in Czech:
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Czech hrad |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Kashubian I. gard |
Meaning in Czech:
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II. grôd |
Meaning in Czech:
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Czech hrad |
Meaning in Polish:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Polish I. grad |
Meaning in Czech:
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II. gród |
Meaning in Czech:
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Czech hrad |
Meaning in Russian:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Russian I. град |
Meaning in Czech:
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II. город |
Meaning in Czech:
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Czech hrad |
Meaning in Serbian:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Serbian град |
Meaning in Czech:
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Czech hrad |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Slovak hrad |
Meaning:
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Czech hrad |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Slovenian grad |
Meaning:
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Czech hrad |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Lower Sorbian I. grad |
Meaning in Czech:
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II. grod |
Meaning:
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Czech hrad |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Upper Sorbian hród |
Meaning:
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Czech hrad |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Ukrainian град |
Meaning in Czech:
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Semasiological Map for *gorodъ < *gordъ
*gorodъ < *gordъ
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Meanings:
‘fortress’
‘town’
‘hail’
‘castle’
‘degree’
no such word
no information yet
|
View this map on Wikibooks [Discussion] Edit
*gorodъ < *gordъ |
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fortress | town | hail | castle | degree | |
Russian град | + | + | |||
Russian город | + | ||||
Ukrainian град | + | ||||
Belarusian град | + | + | |||
Polish grad | + | ||||
Polish gród | + | + | |||
Kashubian gard | + | ||||
Kashubian grôd | + | ||||
Lower Sorbian grad | + | + | |||
Lower Sorbian grod | + | ||||
Upper Sorbian hród | + | ||||
Czech hrad | + | ||||
Slovak hrad | + | ||||
Slovenian grad | + | + | |||
Croatian grad | + | + | |||
Bosnian grad | + | + | |||
Serbian град | + | + | |||
Bulgarian град | + | + | |||
Meanings | fortress | town | hail | castle | degree |
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