False Friends in Slavic Languages
Ukrainian ‘град’
The database knows following meanings of the Ukrainian word ‘град’:
- hail
Semasiological map for ‘*gorodъ < *gordъ’
The database has information related to this term for Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Kashubian, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Lower Sorbian and Upper Sorbian.
Ukrainian ‘град’:
- is a complete false friend in Czech, Lower Sorbian, Polish, Slovak, Slovenian and Upper Sorbian.
- is a true friend in Kashubian.
- has additional meanings in Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Russian and Serbian.
- The Ukrainian meaning ‘hail’ is shared by Belarusian горад, Belarusian град, Bosnian grad, Bulgarian град, Croatian grad, Kashubian grôd, Polish grad, Russian град, Serbian град and Lower Sorbian grad.
- The meaning ‘fortress’ (not present in Ukrainian ‘град’) is attested in Czech hrad, Polish gród, Slovak hrad, Slovenian grad, Lower Sorbian grod and Upper Sorbian hród.
- The meaning ‘town’ (not present in Ukrainian ‘град’) is attested in Belarusian горад, Belarusian град, Bosnian grad, Bulgarian град, Croatian grad, Kashubian gard, Polish gród, Russian град, Russian город and Serbian град.
- The meaning ‘castle’ (not present in Ukrainian ‘град’) is attested in Slovenian grad.
- The meaning ‘degree’ (not present in Ukrainian ‘град’) is attested in Lower Sorbian grad.
NB: No information yet for Macedonian.
Ukrainian град |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Belarusian град (Syn.: горад) |
Meaning:
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Ukrainian град |
Meaning in Bosnian:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Bosnian grad |
Meaning:
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Ukrainian град |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Bulgarian град |
Meaning:
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Ukrainian град |
Meaning in Croatian:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Croatian grad |
Meaning:
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Ukrainian град |
Meaning in Czech:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Czech hrad |
Meaning:
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Ukrainian град |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Kashubian I. gard |
Meaning:
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II. grôd |
Meaning:
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Ukrainian град |
Meaning in Polish:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Polish I. grad |
Meaning:
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II. gród |
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Ukrainian град |
Meaning in Russian:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Russian I. град |
Meaning:
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II. город |
Meaning:
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Ukrainian град |
Meaning in Serbian:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Serbian град |
Meaning:
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Ukrainian град |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Slovak hrad |
Meaning:
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Ukrainian град |
Meaning in Slovenian:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Slovenian grad |
Meaning:
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Ukrainian град |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Lower Sorbian I. grad |
Meaning:
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II. grod |
Meaning:
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Ukrainian град |
Meaning:
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Map Bibliography List Wikibook |
Upper Sorbian hród |
Meaning:
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Semasiological Map for *gorodъ < *gordъ
*gorodъ < *gordъ
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Meanings:
‘fortress’
‘town’
‘hail’
‘castle’
‘degree’
no such word
no information yet
|
View this map on Wikibooks [Discussion] Edit
*gorodъ < *gordъ |
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fortress | town | hail | castle | degree | |
Russian град | + | + | |||
Russian город | + | ||||
Ukrainian град | + | ||||
Belarusian град | + | + | |||
Polish grad | + | ||||
Polish gród | + | + | |||
Kashubian gard | + | ||||
Kashubian grôd | + | ||||
Lower Sorbian grad | + | + | |||
Lower Sorbian grod | + | ||||
Upper Sorbian hród | + | ||||
Czech hrad | + | ||||
Slovak hrad | + | ||||
Slovenian grad | + | + | |||
Croatian grad | + | + | |||
Bosnian grad | + | + | |||
Serbian град | + | + | |||
Bulgarian град | + | + | |||
Meanings | fortress | town | hail | castle | degree |